Prediction of Anger Rumination and Expression Based on Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems with Mediation of Difficulty in Emotion Regulation

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Faculty member of Organization for Educational Research and Planning (OERP), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the behavioral inhibition and activation systems and anger rumination and expression with the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation in college students. This was descriptive correlational research. The study population included all students aged 18 to 22 years studying in Tehran's public universities in 2023, and 384 people were selected as a sample using the convenience sampling method, and responded to the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation Scale Carver & White, Anger Rumination Scale Sukhodolsky et al., Anger Expression Scale Buss & Perry, and Brief Version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Bjureberg et al. In order to analyze the data, path analysis was used with the hierarchical regression method according to Baron and Kenny suggestion and Sobel test. The results showed that the behavioral inhibition/activation systems were able to predict anger rumination and expression respectively through difficulty in emotion regulation. The findings are useful for having practical implications for preventive and therapeutic interventions in anger management.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

امیری، سهراب؛ حسنی، جعفر. (1395). ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس سیستم فعال‌ساز رفتاری و سیستم بازداری رفتاری مرتبط با تکانشگری و اضطراب. علوم پزشکی رازی، 23(144): 67-80.  http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3960-fa.html
بشارت، محمدعلی. (1397). مقیاس نشخوار خشم: پرسشنامه، روش اجرا و نمره‌گذاری. روان‌شناسی تحولی، 15(58): 213-215. https://jip.stb.iau.ir/article_664477.html
سامانی، سیامک. (1386). بررسی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه پرخاشگری باس و پری. روان‌پزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی ایران، 13(4): 359-365. https://www.sid.ir/paper/16672/fa
سعیدی، الهام؛ صبوری مقدم، حسن؛ هاشمی، تورج. (1399). پیش‌بینی رابطه هوش هیجانی و نشخوار خشم با پرخاشگری در دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 10(38): 65-82.   https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.114691
عباسی، نرجس؛ شیخ‌الاسلامی، راضیه. (1399). خودمهارگری و رضایت از زندگی در بزرگسالی در حال ظهور: نقش واسطه‌ای‌ هیجان‌های هشیار شرم و گناه. روان‌شناسی تحولی، 17(65): 39-51. https://jip.stb.iau.ir/article_677192.html
فراشبندی، افسانه؛ حافظی، فریبا؛ افتخار صعاد، زهرا؛ حیدری، علیرضا. (1400). نقش میانجی دشواری در تنظیم هیجان در تبیین همبستگی بین سیستم فعال‌سازی رفتاری و سیستم بازداری رفتاری با افسردگی. اندیشه و رفتار، 16(60): 55-66. https://jtbcp.riau.ac.ir/article_2303.html
فلاحی، وحید؛ نریمانی، محمد؛ عطادخت، اکبر. (1400). خصوصیات روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه مقیاس دشواری در تنظیم هیجان (DERS-16): در گروهی از نوجوانان ایرانی. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، 29(5): 3721-3735. DOI: 10.18502/ssu. v29i5.6772
Aghajani, M., Izadi, M., Farrokhi, N., & Hassani, F. (2021). Investigation of Relationships Between Sensitivity to Reinforcement Traits and Emotion Dysregulation. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 293-301. DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.9.4.771.2
Amiri, S., & Hassani, J. (2016). Assessment of Psychometric properties of Behavioral activation and Behavioral inhibition systems scale associated with impulsivity and anxiety. RJMS, 23(144), 68-80. (Text in Persian). http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3960-fa.html
Ariyazangane, E., Borna, M. R., & Johari Fard, R. (2022). Relation of anger rumination and self-criticism with social maladjustment with the mediating role of psychological flexibility in adolescent boys and girls. Caspian Journal of Health Research, 7(1), 5-14. http://cjhr.gums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html
Azadi, S., Khosravani, V., King, S., Mohammadzadeh, A., & Baseri, A. (2020). Effects of neuropsychological systems on psychopathology through cognitive emotion regulation strategies in individuals with suicide attempts. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44, 229-239. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10040-z
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Besharat, M. A. (2018). Anger Rumination Scale: Questionnaire, Instruction and Scoring. Developmental Psychology, 15(58), 213-215. (Text in Persian). https://jip.stb.iau.ir/article_664477.html
Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. G., ... & Gratz, K. L. (2016). Development and validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: the DERS-16. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 284-296. DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Clinical Psychology, 63, 452-459. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
Dehghan, H., Naderi, H., Baezzat, F., & Hashemi, S. (2022). Effectiveness of compassionate mind-based cognitive therapy on adolescents' behavioral activation-inhibition systems and theory of mind. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 9(3), 22-32. DOI:10.22037/ijabs. v9i2.35912
Fallahi, V., Narimani, M., & Atadokht, A. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Brief Form (Ders-16): in Group of Iranian adolescents. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 29(5), 3721-3725. (Text in Persian). DOI: 10.18502/ssu. v29i5.6772
Frashbandi, A., Hafezi, F., Eftekhar Saad, Z., & Heidarie, A. (2021). The mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in explaining the correlation between behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system with depression. Journal of Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 16(60), 55-66. (Text in Persian). https://jtbcp.riau.ac.ir/article_2303.html
Giovanni, T., Giometto, S., Lucenteforte, E., Bernini, O., & Carmen, B. (2021). Anger expression and control in emerging adults: the relationship with psychological inflexibility. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9, 80-80. DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3224
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. DOI: 10.1023/B: JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gross, J. J. (2008). Emotion regulation. Handbook of emotions, 3(3), 497-513. https://www.guilford.com/excerpts/gross_old.pdf?t=1
Harmon-Jones, E., & Gable, P. A. (2017). On the role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in Approach and withdrawal motivation: An updated review of the evidence. Psychophysiol. 55(1), e12879. DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01012-0
Hochberg, Z. E., & Konner, M. (2020). Emerging adulthood, a pre-adult life-history stage. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10, 486415. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00918
Homayounnia Firoozjah, M., Homayouni, A., Shahrbanian, S., Shahriari, S., & Janinejad, D. (2022). Behavioral activation/inhibition systems and lifestyle as predictors of mental disorders in adolescent athletes during Covid19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1444. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13816-3
Ibrahim, K., Kalvin, C., Marsh, C. L., Anzano, A., Gorynova, L., Cimino, K., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (2019). Anger rumination is associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49, 3656-3668. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04085-y
Khoshfetrat, A., Scully, D., & Fassbender, C. (2022). Effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on anger rumination and anger expression through Difficulty in Emotion Regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 191, 111574. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111574
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. DOI: 10.1177/001316447003000308
Li, Y. (2023). Role of coping strategies in mediating the effects of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on anger rumination and expression in patients with borderline personality disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences, 206, 112091. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112091
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.
Mozafari, N., Bagherian, F., Zadeh Mohammadi, A., & Heidari, M. (2022). Executive functions, behavioral activation/behavioral inhibition system, and emotion regulation in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and normal counterparts. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 3(7), 1-9. DOI: 10.22098/JRP.2021.1146
Oguchi, M., & Takahashi, F. (2019). Behavioral inhibition/approach systems constitute risk/protective pathways from ADHD symptoms to depression and anxiety in undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 144, 31-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.033
Sadeghzadeh, Z., & Bagheri, F. (2023). Comparison of behavioral activation/inhibition systems, emotional regulation difficulties, and selective attention in adolescents with and without parents. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212187
Saeedi, E., Sabourimoghadam, H., & Hashemi, T. (2020). Predicting the relationship between emotional intelligence and anger rumination with the aggression of Tabriz University students. Social Psychology Research, 10(38), 65-82. (Text in Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/spr.2020.114691
Samani, S. (2008). Study of reliability and validity of the Buss and Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 13(4), 359-365. (Text in Persian). https://www.sid.ir/paper/16672/en
Santens, E., Claes, L., Dierckx, E., & Dom, G. (2020). Effortful control–A transdiagnostic dimension underlying internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Neuropsychobiology, 79(4-5), 255-269. DOI: 10.1159/000506134
Shabtari, F., HajiAlizadeh, K., & Hajmohammadi, Z. (2023). Investigating the relationship between behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BIS/BAS) and effortful control (EC) with clinical symptoms and personality disorders in patients with substance abuse disorders. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling, 5(1), 96-103. DOI: 10.52547/jarac.5.1.96
Shekhaleslami, R., & Abbasi, N. (2020). Self-control and life satisfaction in emerging adulthood: The mediating role of self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt. Developmental Psychology, 17(65), 39-51. (Text in Persian). https://jip.stb.iau.ir/article_677192.html
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the Anger Rumination Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 689-700. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00171-9
Sun, J., Luo, Y., Chang, H., Zhang, R., Liu, R., Jiang, Y., & Xi, H. (2020). The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in BIS/BAS sensitivities, depression, and anxiety among community-dwelling older adults in China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 939-948. DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S269874
Torrubia, R., Avila, C., Moltó, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 837-862. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00183-5
Van Teffelen, M. W., Lobbestael, J., Voncken, M. J., & Peeters, F. (2020). Uncovering the hierarchical structure of self-reported hostility. Plos one, 15(9), e0239631. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239631
Widiger, T. A. (2011). Personality and psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 10(2), 103–106. DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-5545. 2011.tb00024.x
Wu, R., Huang, J., Ying, J., Gao, Q., Guo, J., & You, J. (2021). Behavioral inhibition/approach systems and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The chain mediating effects of difficulty in emotion regulation and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 175, 110718. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110718
Xu, M., Wang, J., Jin, Z., Xia, L., Lian, Q., Huyang, S., & Wu, D. (2021). The Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scales: Measurement Invariance Across Gender in Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 681753. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681753
Zhan, J., Tang, F., He, M., Fan, J., Xiao, J., Liu, C., & Luo, J. (2017). Regulating rumination by anger: Evidence for the mutual promotion and counteraction (MPMC) theory of emotionality. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01871

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics