The Relationship between Body Dysmorphic Concern, Ideas of Reference and Empathy with Social Anxiety Disorder: The mediating Role of Emotional Awareness

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Education, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body dysmorphic concern, ideas of reference, and empathy with social anxiety disorder with the mediation of emotional awareness. The research method was descriptive correlational )structural equations(. The statistical population consisted of all female students, aged 16-17 years, studying in Jovein County. The instruments were the Social panic questionnaire, Dysmorphic concern, Paranoid thought, Interpersonal reactivity, and Emotional awareness. Path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed an excellent fit of the model after modification. The results indicated that the body dysmorphic concerns, ideas of reference, and empathy directly associated with social anxiety disorder. Further analysis revealed a significant relationship only between ideas of reference and empathy and social anxiety disorder, mediated by emotional awareness. Although the value of its coefficient was weak. Based on these findings, it can be said that body dysmorphic concerns, ideas of reference, and empathy are effective on social anxiety of adolescent females and it is suggested to be considered in interventions related to the social anxiety of adolescents.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

فیض­آبادی، زهرا.، ولی­الله، فرزاد.، مهرناز، شهرآرای. (1387). تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی آزمون فهرست واکنش­های بین فردی (IRI)، فصلنامه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، 38 (3)، 157.
صلاحی، علی اکبر.، کامران‌کسمایی، مریم. (1399). رابطه ترس از تصویر بدنی با هراس اجتماعی زنان و مردان ساکن شهر ری در دوران کرونا. روانشناسی و علوم رفتاری ایران،40 (5)، 110-119.
طغیانی، الهه.، یوسفی، رحیم. (1398). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه هیجان آگاهی. فصلنامه اندازه گیری تربیتی، 9(35)، 213-232. https://doi: 10.22054/jem.2019.13739.1382
کاظمینی، محبت.، فروغی، علی اکبر.، خانجانی، سجاد.، محمدی، ابوالفضل. (1394). ساختار عاملی و ویژگی های روانسنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه نگرانی در مورد بدشکلی بدن. نوید نو، 18 (61)، 56-65. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1397.9.31.6.6
کل­العماد، فرزانه سادات.، کراسکیان موجمباری، آدیس.، بهرامی هیدجی، مریم. (1397). تعیین ویژگی های روان سنجی مقیاس افکار پارانوئیدی گرین و همکاران. فصلنامه علمی روش­ها و مدل­های روان شناختی، 9 (31)، 97-110. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1397.9.31.6.6
حسنوند عموزاده، مهدی. (1395). بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس هراس اجتماعی در میان دانشجویان مبتلا به اضطراب اجتماعی. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ۲۶ (۱۳۹): ۱۶۶-۱۷۷.
Aunjitsakul, W., McLeod, H. J., & Gumley, A. (2022). Understanding psychological mechanisms linking social anxiety and paranoia: A cross-cultural general population survey in Thailand and the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research Communications, 2(4), 100079.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100079
Boroomandian, N., Mohammadi, N., & Rahimi Taghanaki, C. (2020). Comparing the effectiveness of group therapy by “interaction and psychodrama” on emotional awareness of adolescent girls with psychological distress. Psychological Achievements, 27(1), 1-22.‏ https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2020.29101.2312 [Persian].
Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Weisler, R. H., & Foa, E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(4), 379-386.‏ https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.4.379
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113.‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
Dietel, F. A., Möllmann, A., Bürkner, P. C., Wilhelm, S., & Buhlmann, U. (2021). Interpretation bias across body dysmorphic, social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder—A multilevel, diffusion model account. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1-15.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10180-7
Dondzilo, L., Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2021). The role of facial appearance concern and appraisal perspective in the experience of task-irrelevant intrusions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45, 450-455.‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10608-020-10179-0
Fan, L., Bass, E., Klein, H., Springfield, C., & Pinkham, A. (2022). A preliminary investigation of paranoia variability and its association with social functioning. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 29, 100258.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2022.100258
Feyzabadi, Z., Farzad, Vali elah, & Sharari, M. (2008). explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis of the "interpersonal reactivity index" (iri) questionnaire. Journal of Psychology and Education, 38(3), 157-178. [Persian].
Fred, F. (2022). Ferri's Clinical Advisor, 2022.‏ Elsevier Health Sciences. Netherlands.
Green, C. E. L., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Fowler, D., Dunn, G., & Garety, P. A. (2008). Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS). Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 101-111.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001638
Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 265. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.265
Hassanvand Amouzadeh, M. (2016). Validity and reliability of social phobia inventory in students with social anxiety. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26(139), 166-177.‏ [Persian].
Kazemini, M., foroughi, A., khanjani, S., & Mohammdi, A. (2016). Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. Navid No, 18(61), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.22038/nnj.2016.7369. [Persian].
Kollolemad, F., Kraskian Mujembari, A., & Barami Hidji, M. (2018). Determine the Psychometric Properties of Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS). Psychological Methods and Models, 9(31), 97-110. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285516.1397.9.31.6.6. [Persian].
Moreno‐Poyato, A. R., Rodríguez‐Nogueira, Ó., & MiRTCIME. CAT Working Group. (2021). The association between empathy and the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship in mental health units: a cross‐sectional study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 335-343.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12675
Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., Colonnesi, C., de Vente, W., Möller, E., & Bögels, S. (2020). The unique contribution of blushing to the development of social anxiety disorder symptoms: results from a longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(12), 1339-1348.‏
Oosthuizen, P., Lambert, T., & Castle, D. J. (1998). Dysmorphic concern: prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(1), 129-132. ‏ https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679809062719
Rieffe, C., Oosterveld, P., Miers, A. C., Terwogt, M. M., & Ly, V. (2008). Emotion awareness and internalising symptoms in children and adolescents: The Emotion Awareness Questionnaire revised. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 756-761.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.001
Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., Bendala-Rodríguez, P., Perona-Garcelán, S., & Senín-Calderón, C. (2019). Examining the structure of ideas of reference in clinical and community samples. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 93, 48-55.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.06.006
Salahi, A., Kamran kasmei, M. (2019). The relationship between fear of body image and social fear of women and men living in Rey during the Corona epidemic. Iranian Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 40(5), 110-119. [Persian].
Sereflican, B., Tuman, T. C., Tuman, B. A., & Parlak, A. H. (2019). Type D personality, anxiety sensitivity, social anxiety, and disability in patients with acne: a cross-sectional controlled study. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 36(1), 51-57. ‏ https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2019.82824
Thompson, J. K. (1990). Body image disturbance: Assessment and treatment. Pergamon Press.‏
Toghyani, E., & Yousefi, R. (2019). Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Emotion Awareness Questionnair. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 9(35), 213-232. https://doi: 10.22054/jem.2019.13739.1382. [Persian].
Tonge, N. A., Lim, M. H., Piccirillo, M. L., Fernandez, K. C., Langer, J. K., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2020). Interpersonal problems in social anxiety disorder across different relational contexts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 75, 102275.‏‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102275
Vilaplana-Pérez, A., Pérez-Vigil, A., Sidorchuk, A., Brander, G., Isomura, K., Hesselmark, E., ... & de la Cruz, L. F. (2021). Much more than just shyness: the impact of social anxiety disorder on educational performance across the lifespan. Psychological Medicine, 51(5), 861-869.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719003908
Von Dawans, B., Trueg, A., Voncken, M., Dziobek, I., Kirschbaum, C., Domes, G., & Heinrichs, M. (2022). Empathy modulates the effects of acute stress on anxious appearance and social behavior in social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 875750.‏ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875750
Weissman, D. G., Nook, E. C., Dews, A. A., Miller, A. B., Lambert, H. K., Sasse, S. F., ... & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020). Low emotional awareness as a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying psychopathology in adolescence. Clinical Psychological Science, 8(6), 971-988.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620923649
Wong, G. H. Y. (2020). Social anxiety within a network of mild delusional ideations, negative symptoms and insight in outpatients with early psychosis: A psychopathological path analysis. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(3), 342-354.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1723007
World Health Organization. (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision).‏
Journal of Psychological Studies
Volume 19, Issue 4 - Serial Number 73
February 2024
Pages 87-101

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics