Comparison of Impulsivity and Emotional Lability in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Adults with and without Pornography

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

The goal of this study was to compare impulsivity and emotional lability in college student with ADHD symptoms with and without pornography and students without ADHD with pornography and normal people. The method was ex-post facto, cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of students from national universities in Tehran with and without ADHD with and without pornography and normal people. The research sample was 500 students who were selected on the bases of cutoff scores in 4 groups of 125 people: 1) with ADHD with pornography, 2) with ADHD without pornography, 3) without ADHD with pornography 4) normal group. To collect data, the World Health Organization ADHD Adult scales, Problematic Use of Pornography, Impulsivity, and Emotional Lability were used. Research data were analyzed through univariate and multivariate analysis of variance test. The results showed impulsivity and emotional lability in the group 1 is significantly higher than the group 2, also the groups 3 are more than group 4. It can be concluded impulsivity and emotional lability have important clinical implications in psychopathology, prevention and treatment of ADHD and pornography. Also, it is possible to reduce their impulsiveness and emotional lability.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

اختیاری، حامد. ، صفایی، هومن. ، اسماعیلی جاوید، غلامرضا. ، عاطف وحید، محمدکاظم. ، عدالتی، هانیه. ، مکری، آذرخش. (1387). روایی و پایایی نسخه‌های فارسی پرسش‌نامه‌های آیزنک، بارت، دیکمن و زاکرمن در تعیین رفتار‌های مخاطره‌  جویانه و تکانشگری، مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 14(3)، 326-336.
درویش ملأ، مهدی. ، نیک منش، زهرا. (1396). بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس استفاده مشکل‌ساز از هرزه‌نگاری (اعتیاد به هرزه‌نگاری)، فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی روش‌ها و مدل‌های روان شناختی، 8(27)، 49-63. DOR: 20.1001.1.22285516.1396.8.27.4.9
مختاری، حمید. ، ربیعی، مهدی. ، سلیمی، سیدحسن. (1394). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس خود سنجی نقص توجه و بیش‌فعالی بزرگ‌سالان (ASRS). مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 21(3)، 244-253.
Adler, L. A. , Spencer, T. , Faraone, S. V. , Kessler, R. C. , Howes, M. J, Biederman, J. , & Secnik, K. (2006). Validity of pilot Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to rate adult ADHD symptoms. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 18(3), 145-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401230600801077
Bőthe, B. , Koós, M. , Tóth-Király, I. , Orosz, G. , & Demetrovics, Z. (2019). Investigating the associations of adult ADHD symptoms, hypersexuality, and problematic pornography use among men and women on a largescale, non-clinical sample, The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(4), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.312
Brunault, P. , Mathieu, S. , Faussat, C. , Barrault, S. , & Varescon, I. (2020). Impulsivity facets and cognitive distortions associated with problem gambling: Differences between ADHD and non-ADHD gamblers, European Review of Applied Psychology, 70(4), 100559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2020.100559
Cardoso, J. , Ramos, C. , Brito, J. , & Almeida, T. C. (2022). Predictors of Pornography Use: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Loneliness. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 19(4), 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.005
Carriere, J. , & Seli, P. (2013). Wandering in Both Mind and Body: Individual Differences in Mind Wandering and Inattention Predict Fidgeting. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67 (1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031438
Chen L. (2022). Problematic pornography use in china. Current Addiction Reports, 9(2), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-022-00408-9
Darvish Mola, M. , Nik Manesh, Z. (2017). Examining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale of problematic use of pornography (addiction to pornography), Scientific-Research Quarterly of Psychological Methods and Models, 8(27), 49-63.(in Persian) DOR: 20.1001.1.22285516.1396.8.27.4.9
Ditrich, I. , Philipsen, A. , & Matthies, S. (2021). Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) revisited–a review-update on common grounds and subtle distinctions, Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 8(1), 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-021-00162-w
Ekhtiyari, h. , Safai, H. , Esmaili Javed, G. , Atef Vahid, M. Adalati, H. , Makri, A. (2008). Validity and reliability of Persian versions of Eysenck, Barrett, Dikman and Zuckerman questionnaires in determining risk-seeking and impulsivity behaviors, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14(3), 326-336.(in Persian).
Gagnon, A. , Descoteaux, M. , Bocti, C. , & Takser, L. (2022). Better characterization of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children with ADHD: The key to understanding the underlying white matter microstructure. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging,723, 111568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111568
Gomez, R. , Stavropoulos, V. , Watson, S. , Brown, T. , & Chen, W. (2022). Inter-relationships between ADHD, ODD and impulsivity dimensions in emerging adults revealed by network analysis: extending the 'trait impulsivity hypothesis'. Heliyon, 8(10), e10712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10712
Hassanzadeh, S. , Amraei, K. , & Samadzadeh, S. (2019). A meta-analysis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder prevalence in Iran. Empowering Exceptional Children, 10(2), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.22034/ceciranj.2019.95987
Helfer, B. , Cooper, R. E. , Bozhilova, N. , Maltezos, S. , Kuntsi, J. , & Asherson, P. (2019). The effects of emotional lability, mind wandering and sleep quality on ADHD symptom severity in adults with ADHD, European Psychiatry, 55(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.09.006
Harvey, P. D. , Greenberg, B. R. , & Serper, M. R. (1989). The affective lability scales: development, reliability, and validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(5), 786-793. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198909)45:5<786::AID-JCLP2270450515>3.0.CO;2-P
Ince, C. , Yücel, M. , Albertella, L. , & Fontenelle, L. F. (2021). Exploring the clinical profile of problematic pornography use, CNS Spectrums, 26(6), 648-657. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852920001686
Kalantzi, E. , Pehlivanidis, A. , Korobili, K. , Mantas, V. , & Papageorgiou, C. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Greek version of Affective Lability Scale - Short Form (ALS-18) in a sample of adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki, 33(3), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2022.063
Kor, A. , Zilcha-Mano, S. , Fogel, Y. A. , Mikulincer, M. , Reid, R. C. , & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Psychometric development of the problematic pornography use scale. Addictive Behaviors, 39(5), 861-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.027
Korchia, T. , Boyer, L. , Deneuville, M. , Etchecopar-Etchart, D. , Lancon, C. , & Fond, G. (2022). ADHD prevalence in patients with hypersexuality and paraphilic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 272(8), 1413–1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-022-01421-9
Marino, C. , Melodia, F. , Pivetta, E. , Mansueto, G. , Palmieri, S. , Caselli, G. , Canale, N. , Vieno, A. , Conti, F. , & Spada, M. M. (2023). Desire thinking and craving as predictors of problematic Internet pornography use in women and men. Addictive Behaviors, 136, 107469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107469
McMullin, S. D. , Shields, G. S. , Slavich, G. M. , & Buchanan, T. W. (2021). Cumulative lifetime stress exposure predicts greater impulsivity and addictive behaviors. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(14), 2921-2936. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320937055
Mokhtari, H. , Rabiei, M. , Salimi, S. (2014). Psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Measurement Scale (ASRS), Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 21(3), 244-25.(in Persian).
Murray, A. , Lavoie, J. , Booth, T. , Eisner, M. , & Ribeaud, D. (2021). To what extent does emotional dysregulation account for aggression associated with ADHD symptoms? An experience sampling study, Psychiatry Research, 303, 114059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114059
Oliver, M. N. , & Simons, J. S. (2004). The affective lability scales: Development of a short-form measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(6), 1279-1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.12.013
Paasche, C. , Weibel, S. , Wittmann, M. , & Lalanne, L. (2019). Time perception and impulsivity: A proposed relationship in addictive disorders, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 106, 182-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.006
Panagiotidi, M., & Overton, P. (2021). Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms, impulsivity, and cyberdeviance in an adult population, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 43(3), 559-564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09878-z
Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S. , & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1
Salvi, V., Migliarese, G., Venturi, V., Rossi, F., Torriero, S , Viganò, V. , ... & Mencacci, C. (2019). ADHD in adults: clinical subtypes and associated characteristics, Rivista di Psichiatria, 54(2), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1708/3142.31249
Shirk, S. D., Saxena, A , Park, D. , & Kraus, S. W. (2021). Predicting problematic pornography use among male returning US veterans, Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106647
Sorgi-Wilson, K. M. , & McCloskey, M. S. (2022). Emotion regulation strategies among individuals with borderline personality disorder relative to other groups: A review. Clinical psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(5), 1655–1678. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2738
Stibbe, T., Huang, J., Paucke, M., Ulke, C., & Strauss, M. (2020). Gender differences in adult ADHD: Cognitive function assessed by the test of attentional performance, Plos One, 15(10), e0240810. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240810
Volk, F., Floyd, C. G., Bohannon, K. E., Cole, S. M., McNichol, K. M., Schott, E. A. , & Williams, Z. D. (2019). The moderating role of the tendency to blame others in the development of perceived addiction, shame, and depression in pornography users. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 26(3-4), 239-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1783409
Willoughby, B. J., & Dover, C. R. (2022). Context matters: moderating effects in the associations between pornography use, perceived addiction, and relationship well-being. Journal of Sex Research, 1–14. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2148155
Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Jiang, X., & Bőthe, B. (2022). Investigating the associations of adhd symptoms, impulsivity, physical exercise, and problematic pornography Use in a chinese sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215221

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics