The Relationship between Self-Compassion, Perceived Social Support, and Self-esteem with Women's Borderline Personality Symptoms, Mediating Role of Aloneness and Hopelessness

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 BA Graduate in psychology, university of Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran.

2 PhD student of psychology, Faculty of education and psychology, university of Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran.

3 assistance Professor, Department of psychology, Faculty of education and psychology, university of Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran.

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, perceived social support, and Self-esteem with borderline personality symptoms mediated by aloneness and hopelessness. The research method was descriptive-correlational which was done through structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of women in Isfahan city, 262 of whom were selected by available sampling and were assessed with self-compassion, perceived social support, self-esteem, Borderline Personality Symptoms, Feeling of loneliness and Beck's hopelessness scales. The results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit of the research model. Findings showed that self-compassion is directly related to feelings of loneliness and borderline personality symptoms, as well as self-compassion indirectly affecting the symptoms of borderline personality disorder by affecting the feeling of loneliness. The results showed that social support and self-esteem had a direct and negative relationship with feelings of loneliness, hopelessness and borderline personality symptoms. Social support and self-esteem also affect the symptoms of borderline personality disorder through feelings of loneliness and hopelessness. The findings of the present study, in addition to practical implications, has provide a useful framework for identifying the components that affect the formation and development of borderline personality disorder in women.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
Acun, I. (2020). The relationship among university students' trust, self-esteem, satisfaction with life and social media use. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1): 35-52.
Avarideh, S., Asadi Majareh, M., Moghtader, L., Abedini, M. and Mirbolok Bozorgi, A. (2019). The mediating role of perceived social support in the effect of interpersonal forgiveness on social health in students, Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 20 (1): 71-80. (Text in Persian).
Bruwer B, Emsley R, Kidd M, Lochner C. and Seedat S. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in youth. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 49(2): 195–201.
Coffey, J. K. and Warren, M. T. (2020). Comparing adolescent positive affect and self-esteem as precursors to adult self-esteem and life satisfaction. Motivation and Emotion, 1-12.‌ doi.org/10.1007/s11031-020-09825-7.
Dhaliwal, K., Danzig, A. and Fineberg, S. K. (2020). Improving research practice for studying borderline personality disorder: lessons from the clinic. Chronic Stress, 4: 1-10.‌ doi.org/10.1177/2470547020912504.
Donald, F., Lawrence, K. A., Broadbear, J. H. and Rao, S. (2019). An exploration of self-compassion and self-criticism in the context of personal recovery from borderline personality disorder. Australasian Psychiatry, 27 (1): 56-59.‌
Garland, J. and Miller, S. (2020). Borderline Personality Disorder: part 1–assessment and diagnosis. British Journal of Psychiatry Advances, 26 (3): 159-172.‌
Goodarzi, M. A. (2002). Investigating the validity and reliability of Beck's Hopelessness Scale in a group of Shiraz University students, Shiraz University Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 18 (2): 40-26. (Text in Persian).
Graser, J. and Stangier, U. (2018). Compassion and loving-kindness meditation: an overview and prospects for the application in clinical samples. Harvard review of psychiatry, 26 (4): 201-215.‌
Gratz, K., Dixon-Gordon, K., Breetz, A. and Tull, M. (2013). A laboratory-based examination of responses to social rejection in borderline personality disorder: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27 (2): 157–171.
Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Dmitrieva, J. and Farruggia, S  (2003). Item­ wording   and dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self  ­Esteem Scale:  Do they matter? Personality and individually differences, 35, (6), 1241-­ 1254. 
Harris, M. A. and Orth, U. (2019). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ‌ Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000265.
Joeng, J. R. and Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62 (3):453-463.
Jowkar B. and Salimi, A. (2012). Psychometric properties of the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S), Journal of behavioral sciences, 5 (4): 311-317. (Text in Persian).
Kaviani H. (2002). Interview and Psychological Inventories. Tehran, Besat, PP: 171 -178 (Text in Persian).
Keng, S. L. and Tan, H. H. (2018). Effects of brief mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation inductions on emotional and behavioral responses to social rejection among individuals with high borderline personality traits. Behavior Research and Therapy, 100: 44-53.‌ doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.11.005.
Keng, S. L. and Wong, Y. Y. (2017). Association among self-compassion, childhood invalidation, and borderline personality disorder symptomatology in a Singaporean sample. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 4(1): 1-8.‌
Khosravi, S., Sadeghi, M. and Yabandeh, M. (2013). Sufficient psychometrics of self-compassion scale, psychological methods and models, 3 (13): 59-47. (Text in Persian).
Kliem, S., Lohmann, A., Mößle, T. and Brähler, E. (2018). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Beck hopelessness scale (BHS): results from a German representative population sample. BMC psychiatry, 18(1): 1-11.‌
Kramer, U., Grandjean, L., Beuchat, H., Kolly, S., Conus, P., de Roten, Y. and Despland, J. N. (2020). Mechanisms of change in brief treatments for borderline personality disorder: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 21 (335): 1-13.‌
Kverme, B., Natvik, E., Veseth, M. and Moltu, C. (2019). Moving toward connectedness–a qualitative study of recovery processes for People with borderline personality disorder. Frontiers in psychology, 10(430): 1-11. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00430.
Liebke, L., Bungert, M., Thome, J., Hauschild, S., Gescher, D. M., Schmahl, C. and Lis, S. (2017). Loneliness, social networks, and social functioning in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8 (4): 349–356.
Loess, PF. (2019). Self-compassion and fear of compassion as mediators in the relationships of childhood invalidation with emotion dysregulation and with borderline personality disorder characteristics.  PhD Thesis. University of Montana - Missoula.
Mohammadzade, A., Goodarzi, M.A. Taghavi, M.R. and Mollazade, J. (2005). Investigating factor structure, validity, reliability and standardization of borderline personality scale in students of Shiraz University. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health; 7 (27): 75-89. (Text in Persian).
Momeni, F., Shahidi, Sh., Mutabi, F. and Heidari, M. (2013). Psychometric properties of a Farsi version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Contemporary Psychology, 8 (2): 27-40. (Text in Persian).
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L. and Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Personality, 41(1): 139–154.
Park, J.W. (2017). The effect of trauma severity on borderline personality: self-Esteem as mediator. Journal of trauma & treatment, 6 (2): 1-6.
Preston, J.D. (2006). Integrative treatment for borderline personality disorder- effective, symptom-focused techniques, simplified for private practice.USA: New Harbinger publications, Inc.
Rajabi, G. and Behlool, N. (2007). Assessment of reliability and validity of Rosenberg self-esteem scale in first year students of Shahid Chamran University, Educational and Psychological Research, 3 (2): 48-33.
Rawlings, D., Claridge, G. and Freeman, JL. (2001). Principal components analysis of the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) and the Borderline Personality Scale (STB). Personality and Individual Differences; 31 (3): 409-419.
Scheibner, H. J., Daniels, A., Guendelman, S., Utz, F. and Bermpohl, F. (2018). Self-Compassion mediates the relationship between mindfulness and borderline personality disorder symptoms. Journal of personality disorders, 32(6): 838-856‌.
Sommerfeld, E. and Bitton, M. S. (2020). Rejection sensitivity, self-Compassion, and aggressive behavior: the role of borderline features as a mediator. Frontiers in psychology, 11 (44): 1-8.
Vardy, Y., Day, N. J. and Grenyer, B. F. (2019). Development and validation of an experience of time alone scale for borderline personality disorder. PloS one, 14 (5): 1-21.
Winsper. C. (2018). The aetiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD): contemporary theories and putative mechanisms. Current Opinion in Psychology; 21: 105–110. doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.10.005.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics