The role of self-concept and defense mechanisms on predicting symptoms of adult separation anxiety disorder in university samples

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor of psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Ph.D of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between self-concept and defense mechanisms in adult separation anxiety disorder. The present research was performed with 380 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and Islamic Azad University of Ardabil with convenience sampling method using Adult separation anxiety disorder, defense mechanism and self-concept scales. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation method and step way regression. The results showed that there were positive relationships between adult separation anxiety disorder with negative self-concept and negative relationship with positive self-concept, also, negative relationship with mature defense mechanism, and positive relationship with immature and neurotic defense mechanism. The results of the step way regression analysis showed that immature, neurotic, mature defense mechanisms and self-concept were predictors of adult separation anxiety disorder, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate the research evidence for more accurate diagnosis of this disorder and identify the psychoanalytic variables associated with it.

Keywords

References

نبوی، جمال­الدین.، نوابی نژاد، شکوه (1373). شناسایی و مقایسه ابعاد خودپنداره در افراد افسرده و مضطرب سرپائی شهر تهران. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
بشارت، محمدعلی.، شریفی، ماندانا.، و ایروانی، محمود (1380). بررسی رابطه سبک­های دلبستگی و مکانیزم­های دفاعی. مجله روانشناسی، 5(3): 289-177.
خورشیدوند، زینب.، رحیمیان بوگر، اسحق.، طالع پسند، سیاوش (1394). مقایسه ابعاد سرشتی-منشی شخصیت بیماران دارای اختلال اضطراب جدایی بزرگسالی با افراد سالم. مجله روان‌پزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 21(3): 201-193.
مولایی، مهری.، حاجلو، نادر.، صادقی هشجین، گودرز.، میکائیلی، نیلوفر.، حیدری، شیما (1397). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه اختلال اضطراب جدایی بزرگسالی. فصلنامه پژوهش در سلامت روان‌شناختی، 12(1): 86-77.
نادری، عزت‌الله.،سیف نراقی، مریم (1383). روش­های تحقیق در علوم انسانی، تهران: بدر.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Andrews, G., Singh, M., Bond, M. (1993). The defense style questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and mental Disease, 181(4), 246-256.
Baldwin, D. S., Gordon, R., Abelli, M., Pini, S. (2016). The separation of adult separation anxiety disorder. CNS Spectrums,  21(4), 289–294.
Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Epstin, N., Brown, B. (1990). Beck self-concept test. Psychological assessment, 2(2), 191-197.
Besharat, M.A., Sharifi, M., Iravani, M. (2001). Investigating the relationship between attachment styles and defense mechanisms. Psychology, 5(3), 177-289. (Text in Persian).
Busch, F.N., and Milord, B.L. (2015). Psychodynamic treatment for separation anxiety disorder in a treatment non-responder. Journal of the American psychoanalytic association, 63(5), 893-919.
Carmassia, C., Gesia, C., Corsia, M., Pergentinia, I., Cremonea, I.M., Conversanoa, C., Perugia, G., Shearb, M.K., Dell'Ossoa.L. (2015). Adult separation anxiety differentiates patients with complicated grief and/or major depression and is related to lifetime mood spectrum symptoms. Comprehensive psychiatry, 58(14), 45-49.
Colovic, O., Lecic Tosevski, D., Perunicic Mladenovic, I., Milosavljevic, M., Munjiza, A. (2016). Defense Mechanisms in "Pure" Anxiety and "Pure" Depressive Disorders. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 204(10), 746-751.
Craske, M. G., and Stein, M. B. (2016). Anxiety. Lancet, 17(388), 3048-3059.
De Francisco Carvalho, L., Reis, A. M., Pianowski, G. (2018). Investigating Correlations Between Defence Mechanisms and Pathological Personality Characteristics. Revista colombiana de psiquiatria, In press, doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2018.01.002.
Delavar, A. (2007). Research methodology in psychology and educational science. Tehran: Virayesh Publication. (Text in Persian).
Fiske, S. T., and Taylor, S. E. (2017). Social cognition: From brains to culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Giuseppe, M.D.,  Ciacchini, R., Piarulli, A., Nepa, G., Conversano, C. (2019). Mindfulness dispositions and defense style as positive responses to psychological distress in oncology professionals. European Journal of oncology nursing, 40, 104-110. Doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2019.04.003.
Jun, J. Y., Lee, U, J, G., Lee, S. H., Yoo, S. Y., Song, J., Kim, S. J. (2015).  Association between defense mechanisms and psychiatric symptoms in North Korean Refugees. Comprehensive Psychiatry,  56, 179-187.Doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.001.
Khorshidvand, Z., Rahimian Boogar, I., Talepasand, S. (2015). Comparison of Temperament–character Dimensions of Personality among Patients with Separation Anxiety Disorder and Healthy Individuals. Iranian Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology, 21(3), 193-201. (Text in Persian).
Kohlhoff, J., Barnett, B., Eapen, V. (2015).  Adult Separation Anxiety and unsettled infant behaviour: Associations with adverse parenting during childhood and insecure adult attachment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 62, 2-9. Doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.05.004.
Manicavasagar, V., Silove, D., Wagner, R., Drobny, J. (2003). A self-report questionnaire for measuring separation anxiety in adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44(2), 146–153.
Mowlaie, M., Hajloo, N., Sadeghi Hashjin, G., Mikaeili, N., Heidari, S. (2018). Psychometric properties of adult separation anxiety disorder questionnaire in students. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 12 (1), 102-112. (Text in Persian).
Naderi, E., Seifenaraghi, M. (2004). Research methods in humanities. Tehran: Badr. (Text in Persian).
Nabavi, J., & NavabiNejhad, S.H. (1994). Identifying and comparing the dimensions of self-concept in depressed and distressed outpatients in Tehran. M.A thesis of psychology. Tarbiat Moalem University. (Text in Persian).
 Posavac, S. S.,  &  Posavac, H. D. (2019). Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptomology as a Risk Factor for Thin-Ideal Internalization: The Role of Self-Concept Clarity. Psychological reports, 1-13. Doi: 10.1177/0033294119829440.
Rochester, J., & Baldwin,D. (2015). Adult separation anxiety disorder: accepted but little understood. Human psychopharmacology, 30(1), 1-3.
Suszek, H., KFronczyk, K., Kopera, M., Maliszewski, M. N. (2018). Implicit and explicit self-concept clarity and psychological adjustment. Personality and individual differences, 123(1), 253-256.
Tap, J., Cottle, L., Christmas, M., Stratton, R. A psychometric evaluation of the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 in a UK forensic patient population.  Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 29(2), 288-307.
Vartanian, L. R., Froreich, F. V., Smyth, J. M. (2016). A serial mediation model testing early adversity, self-concept clarity, and thin-ideal internalization as predictors of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 19, 98–103. Doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.013.
Walburg, V., & Chiaramello, S. (2015). Link between early maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms. Revue européenne de psychologie appliqué, 65(5), 221-226.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics