Autistic Like Traits in Relatives of Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Normal People.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Urmia university

Abstract

This study aimed to compare autistic like traits in relatives of patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and normal people. The method of this study was causal-comparative. Therefore, 50 individuals among the patients with autism spectrum disorder in Tabriz autism center and 50 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the Razi hospital and 50 normal students of Tabriz University were selected. Two first-degree relatives of each individual completed schizotypal personality questionnaire (N= 300). Sampling of patients was convenience and of normal people randomly. For comparing these three groups in terms of schizotypal traits analysis of variance was used. Results showed that autistic like traits such as deficiencies in social skills, communication, attention switching and high attention to detail have highest level in relatives of autism spectrum disorder and lowest level in normal people. Imagination subscale was similar in relatives of autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and this trait was significantly low in relatives of normal people. Attention to details was significantly high in autistic relatives compare with schizophrenic and normal people relatives. This trait was similar in schizophrenic and normal people relatives.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, S. J.; Safari, T.; Hematiyan, M. & Khalili Z. (1991). Diagnostic Test Guideline of Gilliam Autism, Isfahan, Jihad University PublicationŲŒ(Text in Persian).
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM II), 2nd edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic Criteriafor DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association,Washington, DC.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition). Washington, DC: Author.
Baron- cohen, S. Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J. & Clubley, E. (2001). The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger Syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1): 5-17
Baron- cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6): 248-254.
Bevan Jones, R., Thapar, A., Lewis, G. & Zammit, S. (2012). The association betweenearly autistic traits and psychotic experiences in adolescence. Schizophrenia Research, 135(2): 164–169.
Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Leipzig, Germany: Deuticke.
Bolte, S., Rudolf, L., & Poustka, F. (2002). The cognitive structure of higher functioning autism and schizophrenia: A comparative study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(4): 325–330.
Carroll, L.S. & Owen, M.J.)2009(. Genetic overlap between autism, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Genome Medicine, 1(10): 102.1-102.7
Constantino, J., Lajonchere,C., Lutz,M., Gray,T., Abbacchi,A., McKenna,K., Singh,D., & Todd,R. (2006). Autistic Social Impairment in the Siblings of Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(2):294–296.
Constantino, J. & Todd,R. (2005). Intergenerational Transmission of Subthreshold Autistic Traits in the General Population. Biological psychology, 57(6): 655–660.
Crespi, B. & Badcock, C. (2008). Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain. Behavioral Brain Science,31(3): 241-61.
Crespi, B., Stead, P. & Elliot, M. (2010). Comparative genomics of autism and schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(1): 1736–1741.
 Del Giudice, M.,  Angeleri, R., Brizio, A. &  Elena, M.R. (2010). The evolution of autistic-like and schizotypal traits: a sexual selection hypothesis. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00041.
Fitzgerald, M. (2012).Schizophrenia and autism/ asperger’s syndrome: overlap and difference. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 9(4): 171-176.
Frith Franke, P., Maier, W., Hardt, J., Hain, Ch. & Cornblatt, B. (1994). Attentional Abilities and Measures of Schizotypy: Their Variation and Covariation in Schizophrenic Patients, Their Siblings, and Normal Control Subjects. Psychiatry research, 54(3): 259-272.
Gilliam. J. (1995). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale - Second Edition (GARS-2).
Golzari, F., Hemati Alamdarloo. G. (2015). The Effect of Social Stories Intervention on the Social Skills of Male Students with autism. Journal of Psychological Studies, 11(1): 7-28(Text in Persian).
Hurst, R., Nelson-Gray, R., Mitchell, J. & Kwapil, T. (2007b). The relationship of Asperger’s Characteristics and Schizotypal Personality Traits in a Non-Clinical Adult Sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9):1711–1720.
Jakobsen, K.D., Frederiksen, J.N., Hansen, T, Jansson, L.B., Parnas, J. & Werge T. (2005). Reliability of clinical ICD-1schizophrenia diagnoses. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59(3): 209–12.
Lauritsen, B. M., Pedersen, C. & Mortensen, P. (2005). Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study. Journal Of Psychology And Psychiatry, 49 (9): 963–971.
Matsuo, J., Kamio, Y., Takahashi, H., 2, Ota, M., Teraishi, T. & et al. (2015). Autistic-Like Traits in Adult Patients with Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia. PLoS One, 10(4): e0122711. doi: 10.1371/ journal. pone.0122711.
Peyvasteghar, M., Bani-Jamali, Sh., Dadkhah, A., mohammad khani. A. (2014). The effectiveness of Dohsa method in social skills improvement and stereotypic behaviors reduction for children with high functioning autism. Journal of Psychological Studies, 10(2): 7-26, (Text in Persian).
Pickles, A., Starr, E., Kazak, S., Bolton, P., Papanikolaou, K., Bailey, A., Goodman, R. & Rutter, M. (2000). Variable expression of the autism broader phenotype: findings from extended pedigrees. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(4): 491–502.
Raja, M. & Azzoni, A. (2010). Autistic spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in the adult psychiatric setting: diagnose and comorbidity. Psychiatria Danubina, 22(4): 514-521.
Rosenhan, D.L. & Seligman, M.E.P. (2001). Abnormal psychology. 4th Revised edition. New York, United States.
Russell-Smith, S.N., Maybery, M. T. & Bayliss, D.M. (2011). Relationships between autistic-like and schizotypy traits: An analysis using the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(2):128–132.
Sasson, N., Tsuchiya, N., Hurley, R., Couture, S. M., Penn, D. L., Adolphs, R. & et al. (2007). Orienting to social stimuli differentiates social cognitive impairment in autism and schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia, 45(11):2580–2588.
Sayed Mohammadi, Y. (2014). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition)/ American Psychiatric Association. Tehran,Nashr ravan (Text in Persian).
Spek, A. A,. & Wouters, S.G.M. (2010). Autism and schizophrenia in high functioning adults: Behavioral differences and overlap. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(4):709–717.
Tazkereh tavasoli, sh. (2010). Effectiveness of logo therapy  in improving social skills in children with high functioning autism. Alzahra University (Text in Persian).
Wheelwright, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Goldenfeld, N., Delaney, J., Fine, D., Smith, R. & et al. (2006).Predicting autism spectrum quotient (AQ) from the systemizing quotient-revised (SQ-R) and empathy quotient (EQ). Brain Research, 10(79): 47-56.
Zettergrena, A., Karlssona, S., Hovey, D., Jonssona, Lina., Melkea,J. & et al. (2015). Further investigations of the relation between polymorphisms in sexsteroid related genes and autistic-like traits. Psychoneuroendocrinology, Report 68, 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.020
Journal of Psychological Studies
Volume 13, Issue 2 - Serial Number 47
September 2017
Pages 59-76

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics