The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Cognitive-Behavioral and Schema Therapy approach on Attachment Styles

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Academic member of Educational Psychology and Counseling' Department, Faculty of Education and psychology, University of Tehran

2 university of tehran

3 Academic member of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children'Department, Faculty of Education and psychology, University of Tehran

4 Academic member of Educational Psychology and Counseling Department', Faculty of Education and psychology, University of Tehran

Abstract

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of group counseling with cognitive-behavioral and schema therapy approaches on student’s attachment styles. The study was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group. The statistic population consisted of all female students living in the dormitories of Tehran University on 92-93 years. Twenty seven students selected via purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral group counseling, schema- based group counseling and control group. Participants completed the Adult Attachment Inventory. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (Moncova). The results showed a significant difference among cognitive-behavioral group counseling and Schema-based group counseling and the control group in terms of secure and insecure attachment styles (P‌‌0.01), comparison of three groups showed that only schema- based group counseling and control group had different impact on ambivalent attachment style (P‌<0.01), Cognitive-behavioral group counseling was effective in reducing avoidant attachment and increasing attachment security،however group schema therapy was effective in reducing anxious attachment، avoidant attachment and enhancing secure attachment (P‌<0.01). This finding shows the possibility of variability in insecure attachment style and professionals can use these two types of intervention to modify the attachment styles among female students.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahadi, B. (2009). Relationship between loneliness and self-esteem with students’ attachment styles. Journal of Psychological Studies, 5(1): 95-112(Text in Persian).
Afshari, R. Zare, I. Moen, L. Naziri,Gh. Naghavi, M. (2011). Explain the effectiveness of group schema therapy on B personality disorder categories of males with substance,Journal of Psychological methods and models, 1‌(4): 109-124 (Text in Persian).
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patternsof attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation.Hillsdale, N J: Erlbaum.
Amani, A. Sanaei Zaker, B. Nazari, A.M. Namdari Pejman, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Schema therapy and attachment therapy on the attachment styles of the students of the contract. Journal of counseling and family psychotherapy. 1 (2): 171-191(Text in Persian).
Beck, A.T. (1976).Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
Besharat, M.A. (2005). Relationship between attachment styles and emotional intelligence, Journal of New thoughts on Education, 1 (2, 3): 131-142. (Text in Persian).
Bosmans, G., Braet, C. & Van Vlierberghe, L. (2010). Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link?. Journal of Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 17(5): 374-385.
Bowlby, J. (1982/1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (2nd ed). New York: Basic Book.
Cyranowski, J. M. & Andersen, B. L. (1998). Schemas, Sexuality, and Romantic Attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 74(5): 1364-1379.
Feeney, J. A. (1999). Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. New York: Guilford.
Freeze, T. A. & DiTommaso, E. (2014). An examination of attachment, religiousness, spirituality and well-being in a Baptist faith sample. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17(7): 690-702.
Gilbert, P. & Leahy, R. L. (2007). The therapeutic relationship in the cognitive behavioral psychotherapies. New York: Routledge.
Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and social psychology, 52(3): 511-524.
Khodayarifard, M. & Abedini, Y. (2010). The Theories and Foundation of Family therapy With Practical Implication on the Treatment of Cildren’s and Adolescent’s Disorders. Tehran: Tehran University Press (Text in Persian).
Khoshkharam N.& Golzari M. (2011). Effectiveness training increased positive affect on marital satisfaction and attachment style in married students. Journal of Psychological studies, 7(3): 29-49 (Text in Persian).
Khosravi Farsani, A, Khezrimoghadam, N. & Abedi, M. (2015). Evaluating the effectiveness of schema therapy training in attachment type related to the mothers of preschool children in Isfahan 5th discrete From 2012 to 2013. Iranian Journal of Positive Psychology, 1( 2): 79-84.
 Kimiyaie, A. & Gorjiyan Mahlbani, H. (2012). The relationship between security-insecurity attachment with  dysfunctional cognitions students Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Journal of Clinical Psychology and Counseling research, 2 (1): 181-196 (Text in Persian).
Koweleski. R. & Weston, D. (2005). Psychology (4 td ed).Exploratory interest inuniversity student. Asian Journal of social psychology. 3, (11): 302-310.
Lawson, D. M., Barnes, A. D., Madkins, J. P. & Francois-Lamonte, B. M. (2006). Changes in male partner abuser attachment styles in group treatment. Journal of Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(2): 232- 237.
Mashhadi, A. & Mohamadi, H. (2009). The Comparison of attachment styles in normal and delinquency adolescent, Journal of Educational and psychological studies, 10 (3): 127-140 (Text in Persian).
Pajer, D. (2006). Intimacy and female friendship: The roles of attachment style, interpersonal trust and negative mood regulation. Unpublished master Dissertation. California state university.
Pakdaman, Sh. (2001). A study of relation between attachment and communityminded in adolescence, PhD dissertation in General Psychology, Tehran University‌(Text in Persian).
Roelofs, J., Lee, C. Ruijten, T. & Lobbestael, J. (2011). The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relation between quality of attachment relationships and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Journal of Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 39(4): 471-479.
Safarzadeh, (2008). Relationship between mental health, parental attitude and attachment style in adolescence, Annual Journal of Psychiatry, 9(3):139-147.
Scott, H. K. & Young , E. G. (2006). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder, Journal of clinical psychology. 62(4): 445-458.
Tabatabaei Barzaki, S. Sohrabi, F. & Karimi Zarchi, M. (2012). The effectiveness of teaching experimental techniques schema therapy on depression. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy culture, 3 (11): 75-86 (Text in Persian).
Towler, A. J. & Stuhlmacher, A. F. (2013). Attachment styles, relationship satisfaction, and well-being in working women. The Journal of social psychology, 153(3): 279-298.
White, J. R. & Freeman, A. S. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy: For specific problems and populations. American Psychological Association.
Wilhelmsson Göstas, M., Wiberg, B., Brus, O., Engström, I. & &Kjellin, L) 2014). Changes in attachment styles and interpersonal problems after different forms of psychotherapy. PhD Thesis. Sweden: Orebro University.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J.& Weishaar, M. (2003). Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’sGuide. New York: Guilford Press.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics