The performance of everyday memory of raped victims with post traumatic stress disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Rape as a traumatic event has long-term psychological effects such as cognitive disorders. In this study the performance of Everyday Memory in rape victims with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is investigated. The samples of this study were selected from a group of girls and women with PTSD of rape as an experimental and a group of girls and women without PTSD and rape as a control. They were matched by age, education and social- economical level. They were completed Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress-21, Rivermid Behavioral Memory Test-3, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The averages of two groups were compared with one way ANOVA. Results show that the performance of PTSD samples in everyday memory ,verbal memory and future memory is weak and there are significant differences in terms of memory performance between two studied groups. Consequently, it is concluded that raped group suffer from memory deficit. On the base data, suggest to investigator attention to the other types of memory additionally.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdi, A., Moradi, A., Akramian, F. (1388). The Comparison of Autobiographical Memory in PTSD & Normal Adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology,1 (3), 53-62 (Text in Persian).
Abdollahi, R., Bakhshipour, A., Alilou, M. (1388). The relationship between personality traits related to system activation / inhibition obvious behavioral and conceptual implicit memory bias based on the Transfer Appropriate Processing. Jouranal of psychology studies,6 (1), 57-87 (Text in Persian).
Bremner, J., Vermetten, E., Afzal, N., Vythilingam, M. (2004). Deficits in verbal declarative memory function in women childhood sexual abuse- related  posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous Mental Disease, 192 (10), 643-649.
Cheraqi, F., Zamani, T., Qorbani, R., Dasta, M. (1391). The performance of duties related to auditory and visual memory in anxiety levels. Jouranal of psychology studies,8 (1), 11-30 (Text in Persian).
Dunmore, E., Clark, D., Ehlers, A. (2001). A prospective investigation of the role of the cognitive factors in persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault. Behavior research and therapy, 39 (9), 1063-1084.
Enlow, M., Egeland, B., Blood, E., Wright, R., Wright, J. (2012).Interpersonal Trauma Exposure and Cognitive Development in Children to Age 8 Years: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of  Epidemiol Community Health,66 (10), 1005-1010.
Floyd, M., Rice, J., Black, Sh. (2002). Recurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder in late life: A cognitive aging perspective. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8 (4), 303-311.
Gannon, T., Collie, R., Ward, T., Thakker, J. (2008). Rape: Psychopathology, theory and treatment. Clinical psychology review, 28 (8), 982-1008.
Giosan, C., Malta, L., Jayasinghe, N., Spielman, L., Difede, J. (2009). Relationships between memory inconsistency for traumatic events following 9/11 and PTSD in disaster restoration workers. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 23 (4), 557-561.
Hayes, J., LaBar, k., McCarthy, G., Selgrade, E., Nasser, J., Dolcos, F., Mid-Atlantic MIRECC workgroup, Morey, R. (2011). Reduced hippocampal and amygdala activity predicts memory distortions for trauma reminders in combat-related PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(5), 660-669.
Hatami, A., Goudarzi, N., Nejati, M., Nejat, P. (1391). Item and source memory performance among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Jouranl of Veteran Medicine, 5 (18), 57-64 (Text in Persian).
Jenlinek, L., Jacobsen, D., Kellener, M., Larbig, F., Biesold, K., Barre, K., Moritz, S. (2006). Verbal and nonverbal memory function in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 3 (28), 940-948.
Jelinek, L., Hottenrott, B., Randjbar, S., Peters, M., Moritz, S. (2009). Visual false memories in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 7( 40), 374-383.
Johnsen, G., Asbjornsen, A. (2008). Consistent impaired verbal memory in PTSD: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorder, 8 (111), 74-82.
Jorgensen, M. (2010). The relationships between PTSD symptoms and cognitive measure of verbal memory, nonverbal memory, and attention among women with multiple interpersonal traumas. Idaho state university, Ph.D: UMI Company.
Koso, M., Hansen, S. (2006). Executive function and memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: a study of Bosnian war veterans. European psychiatry, 21 (3), 167-173.
Levy, B., Medina, A., Hintz, K. (2011).Ecologically valid support for the link between cognitive and psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research. 185 (3), 353-357.
McFarland, C., Clark, J., Lee, L., Grande, L., Marx, B., Vasterling, J. (2015). Event-based prospective memory among veterans: The role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in executing intentions. Jouranl of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 39 (2), 251-260.
Martin, E., Nixon, H., Pitrak, D., Weddington, W., Rains, N., Nunnally, G., Grbesic, S., Gonzalez, R., Jakobus, J., Bechara, A. (2007). Characteristics of prospective memory deficits in HIV-seropositive substance-dependent individuals: Preliminary observations. Journal on clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 29 (5), 496-504.
Mason, F. (2013). Psychological consequences of sexual assault. Best practice and research clinical obstetrics and gynaecology, 27 (1), 27-37.
Moradi, A.R., Abdi, A., Fathi-Ashtiani, A., Dalgleish, T., Jobson, L. (2012). Over general autobiographical memory recollection in Iranian combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 50 (6), 435-441.
Moradi, A.R., Herlihy, J., Yasseri, G., Shahraray, M., Turner, S., Dalgleish, T. (2008). Specificity of episodic and semantic aspects of autobiographical memory in relation to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Acta Psychologica, 127 (3), 645-653.
Moradi, A., Abdi, A., Akramian, F. (1389). Autobiographical memory performance (specificity of semantic aspects and events) in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychology, University of Tabriz,5 (17), 129-156 (Text in Persian).
Mordi, A., Salimi, M., Fathi-ashtiani, A. (1389). Memory performance among Iranian veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavioral Sciences,4(4), 269-276 (Text in Persian).
Nixon, R., Nishith, P., Reisck, P. (2004). The accumulative effect of trauma exposure on short-term and delayed verbal memory in in a treatment seeking sample of female rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17 (1), 31-35.
Nosrati, K., Khosravi, Z., Darvize, Z., Khodabakhsh, R. (1389). Explicit and implicit memory bias and perception outcomes in terms of easy and difficult Mkhatrh‌Myz the students depressed , anxious , and healthy combination of Al and Tehran universities. Jouranal of psychology studies, 6 (2), 76-114. (Text in Persian)
Ryan, K. (2003). Further evidence for a cognitive component of rape. Aggression and violent behavior, 9 (6), 579-604.
Samuelson, K., Neylan, Th., Lenoci, M., Metzler, Th., Cardenas, V., Weiner, M., Mermar, Ch. (2009). Longitudinal effects of PTSD on memory function. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 15 (6), 853-861.
Schweizer, S., Dalgleish, T. (2011). Emotional working memory capacity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Behavior Research and Therapy, 49 (8), 498-504.
Shin, L., Shin, P., Heckers, S., Krangel, T., Macklin, M., Orr, S., Lasko, N., Segal, E., Makris, N., Richet, K., Levering, J., Schacter, D., Alpert, N., Fischman, A., Pitman, R., Rauch, S. (2004). Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hippocampus, 14 (3), 292-300.
Strange, D., Takarangi, M. (2012). False memories for missing aspects of traumatic events. Acta Psychologica, 14 (3), 322-326
Taheri, F., Nouri, A.R., Namegh, M., Ghasemi, M., Moosaviani, N., Moradi, A. (2012). Autobiographical and working memory retrieval ability in young children of PTSD veterans in IRAN. European Congress of Psychiatry, 20 (1), 983.
Taheri, F., Moradi, A., Azad-fallah, P., Mirazee, J., Alizade, R., Nemeq, M. (1390). Ability of Retrieval Specific Memory Materials from Autobiographical Memory among PTSD Veteran’s Young Children.Advances in Cognitive Science,13 (1), 51-66.  (Text in Persian)
Taheri, F., Moradi, A., Azad-fallah, P., Mirazee, J., Alizade, R., Mousavian, N. (1389). Working memory performance in young children veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology,5 (18), 31-42(Text in Persian).
Yasik, A., Saigh, Ph., Oberfield, R., Halamandaris, Ph. (2007). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Memory and learning performance in children and adolescents. Biol psychiatry, 61 (3), 382-388.