The Mediation Role of Stress and Fear of Covid-19 Between Obsessive Beliefs and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A in Clinical psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of stress and fear of corona in the relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The descriptive research method was correlation type. Among the general population, 391 people were selected through an internet call in 2021, according to the entry criteria in the accessible sampling method. The tools used in this research include the revised practical Foua obsessive-compulsive scale, obsessive beliefs, Ahorso Corona fear scale and Taylor Corona stress. To analyze the data Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted. The findings showed that obsessive beliefs have a direct and significant relationship with stress and fear of corona and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and stress and fear of corona have a mediating role in the relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Overall, the results showed that the model had a good fit. This finding can be used to design an intervention to reduce fear and stress during the outbreak of infectious diseases. Therefore, it can be said that planning to reduce stress and obsessive beliefs has an effective role in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms and is essential.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

شمس، گیتی؛ کرم‌قدیری، نرگس؛ اسماعیلی ترکانبوری، یعقوب و ابراهیم خانی، نرگس (1383). اعتبار و پایایی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه باورهای وسواسی – 44. تازه‌های علوم شناختی، 6(2-1)، 36-23. http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-29-fa.html
طباطبایی، آذرسادات و نجفی، محمود (1401). رابطه حساسیت اخلاقی با علائم وسواس فکری-عملی و مشکلات خواب: نقش واسطه­ای ترس از خود. مطالعات رواانشناختی، 18(2)، 47-61. doi: 10.22051/psy.2022.38964.2557
عامری، نرجس و نجفی، محمود (1400). نقش میانجی پریشانی روان‌شناختی (استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی) در رابطه بین اجتناب تجربی با علائم وسواس فکری-عملی. مطالعات روان‌شناختی، 17(4)، 31-11. doi: 10.22051/psy.2021.34131.2367  
محمدی، ابوالفضل؛ زمانی، رضا؛ فتی، لادن (1387). اعتباریابی نسخه‌ی فارسی پرسشنامه‌ی وسواسی اجباری-بازنگری‌شده در جمعیت دانشجویی. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناختی، 21(1)، 78-66. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-413-fa.html
ناصری‌نیا، سجاد و برجعلی، محمود (1399). اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر هیجان بر علائم وسواس و اضطراب در بیماران مبتلا به کرونا، مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی، 10(39)، 155-135. doi: 10.22054/jcps.2021.55622.2447
Aardema, F. (2020). COVID-19, obsessive-compulsive disorder and invisible life forms that threaten the self. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 26, 100558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100558
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Ameri, N., & Najafi, M. (2022). The mediating role of psychological distress (stress, anxiety and depression) in the relationship between experiential avoidance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Journal of Psychological Studies, 17(4), 11-31. [Text in Persian]. doi: 10.22051/psy.2021.34131.2367
American Psychiatric Association. (2023). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 235.
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485
Haciomeroglu, B. (2020). The role of reassurance seeking in obsessive compulsive disorder: the associations between reassurance seeking, dysfunctional beliefs, negative emotions, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02766-y‏
Hon, K., Siu, B. W., Cheng, C. W., Wong, W. C., & Foa, E. B. (2019). Validation of the Chinese version of obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 29(4), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap1832  
Ji, G., Wei, W., Yue, K. C., Li, H., Shi, L. J., Ma, J. D., ... & Hu, X. Z. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on obsessive-compulsive symptoms among university students: Prospective cohort survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21915. https://doi.org/10.2196/21915
Kadivari, F., Najafi, M., & Khosravani, V. (2023). Childhood emotional maltreatment, maladaptive coping and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy.‏ https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2829
Khosravani, V., Asmundson, G. J., Taylor, S., Bastan, F. S., & Ardestani, S. M. S. (2021). The Persian COVID stress scales (Persian-CSS) and COVID-19-related stress reactions in patients with obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 28, 100615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100615
Khosravani, V., Bastan, F. S., Ardestani, S. M. S., & Amirinezhad, A. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the Vancouver Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) and its adaptation based on the DSM-5 in Iranian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 25, 100536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100536
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2021). Anxiety and safety behavior usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: The prospective role of contamination fear. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 77, 102323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102323
Lee, S. A. (2020). How much “Thinking” about COVID-19 is clinically dysfunctional? Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.067
Marroquín, B., Vine, V., & Morgan, R. (2020). Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and social resources. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113419
McKay, D., Yang, H., Elhai, J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). Anxiety regarding contracting COVID-19 related to interoceptive anxiety sensations: The moderating role of disgust propensity and sensitivity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102233
Mohammadi, A., zamani, R., & Fata, L. (2015). Validation of the Persian version of the compulsory obsessive-compulsory questionnaire-revised in the student population. Psychological Research, 1 (21), 66-78. [Text in Persian]. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-413-fa.html
Naserinia, S., & borjali, M. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on obsessive symptoms in patients with Corona disease. Clinical Psychology Studies, 10(39), 135-155. [Text in Persian]. doi: 10.22054/jcps.2021.55622.2447
Nissen, J. B., Højgaard, D. R. M. A., & Thomsen, P. H. (2020). The immediate effect of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02905-5
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG). (2003). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part I. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 863–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00099-2
Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 385-401.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0005-7967(97)10041-9
Rajabi Khamesi, S., Najafi, M., & Khosravani, V. (2021). The effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation through cognitive emotion regulation strategies and specific obsessive–compulsive symptoms in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(6), 1435-1444. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2582 
Shams, G., Karam Ghadiri, N., Esmaeli Torkanbori, Y., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2004). Validation and Reliability Assessment of The Persian Version of Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 6 (1 and 2) :23-36. [Text in Persian]. http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-29-fa.html
Silva, R. M., Shavitt, R. G., & Costa, D. L. (2020). Obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 108-108. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1189
Tabatabayi, A. S., & Najafi, M. (2022). Relationship between ethical sensitivity with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems: The mediating role of fear of self. Journal of Psychological Studies, 18(2), 47-61. [Text in Persian]. doi: 10.22051/psy.2022.38964.2557
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). COVID stress syndrome: Concept, structure, and correlates. Depression and Anxiety, 37(8), 706-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23071   
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72, 102232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Rachor, G. S., Paluszek, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). Fear and avoidance of healthcare workers: An important, under-recognized form of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 75, 102289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102289
Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
Wheaton, M. G., Messner, G. R., & Marks, J. B. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty as a factor linking obsessive-compulsive symptoms, health anxiety and concerns about the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 28, 100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100605

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics