Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on self-concept clarity, depression, anxiety and stress, and self-esteem in students with Love trauma syndrome

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran

2 Master of General Psychology, University of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-concept clarity, depression, anxiety and stress, and self-esteem in students with love trauma syndrome. The research method was a pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study was male and female students of the Persian Gulf university. a sample of 30 students with love trauma syndrome was selected randomly from 47 students with Love Trauma Syndrome and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. In order to assess the variables used Ross Love's Inventory, depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire and self-concept scale of Kempel et al. The experiment group was performed in 11 sessions 90 minutes they were intervened in a cognitive-behavioral therapy group and the control group remained on the waiting list. A covariance analysis showed that a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in variables depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem. But, there was no significant difference in Self-Concept Clarity. The study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective treatment for emotional problems and improving self-esteem in patients with trauma syndrome is love.

Keywords

Main Subjects


 
Akbari, E., Khanjani, Z., Azimi, Z., Porsharifi, H. and Mahmoud, M.M. (2012). The effectiveness of transactional analysis therapy on personality states, self-esteem and clinical symptoms of people with emotional breakdown, Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 2(8):1-21. (Text in Persian).
Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F. and Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1): 141–156.
Carpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J. and Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials, Depressive and Anxiety, DOI: 10.1002/da.22728.
Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Weitz, E., Gentili, C. and Berking, M. (2016). The effects of cognitive and behavioural therapies for anxiety disorders on depression: a meta-analysis, Psychological Medicine, 46(16): 3451–3462.
Cupach, W. R., Spitzberg, B. H., Bolingbroke, C. M. and Tellitocci, B. S. (2011). Persistence of attempts to reconcile a terminated romantic relationship: a partial test of relational goal pursuit theory, Communication Reports, 24(2): 99–115.
Del Palacio-González, A.,  Clark, D. A. and O’Sullivan, L.F. (2017). Distress severity following a romantic breakup is associated with positive relationship memories among emerging adults, Emerging Adulthood, 5(4): 259-267.
Fagundes, C. P., (2012). Getting over you; contributions of attachment theory for postbreakup emotional adjustment, Personal Relationships, 19(1): 37–50.
Gharibi Asl, A., Sodani, M. and Atari, Y.A. (2016). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on self-concept and depression in women with breast cancer, Jundishapur Medical Science Journal, 51(3): 333-345. (Text in Persian).
Hendy, H. M., Can, S. H., Joseph, L. G. and Scherer, C. R. (2013). University students leaving relationships (uslr): scale development and gender differences in decisions to leave romantic relationships, Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(3): 232-242.
Hofmann, S. G., Wu, J. Q. and Boettcher, H. (2014). Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders on quality of life: a meta-analysis, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(3): 375–391.
Lewandowski, G. W., Aron, A., Bassis, S. and Kunak, J. (2006). Losing a self-expanding relationship; implications for the self-concept, Personal Relationships, 13(3): 317–331.
Lovibond, P.F. and Lovibond, S.H. (1995).  The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3): 335-343.
Mason, A. E., Law, R. W., Bryan, A. E. B., Portley, R. M. and Sbarra, D. A. (2012). Facing a breakup; Electromyographic responses moderate self-concept recovery following a romantic separation, Personal Relationships, 19(3): 551–568.
Michl, L, C., McLaughlin, K, A., Shepherd, K. and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2014). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2): 339–352.
Moradi, M. and Fathi, D. (2016). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on life expectancy and spiritual health of grieved students, Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies, 12 (3): 63-82. (Text in Persian).
Mustanski, B., Newcomb, M. E. and Clerkin, E. (2011). Relationship characteristics and sexual risk-taking in young men who have sex with men, Health Psychology,  30(5): 597–605.
Parkes, C. M. (2006). Love and loss: the roots of grief and its complications, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; London and New York.
Pfeiffer, P. N., Heisler, M., Piette, J. D., Rogers, M. A. M. and Valenstein, M. (2011). Efficacy of peer support interventions for depression: a meta-analysis, General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(1): 29–36.
Rajabi , GH. and Karjo Ksmai, S. (2011). A study of confirmatory structure two-factor model of the persian version rosenberg self-esteem scale, Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 2(6): 33-43. (Text in Persian).
Roepke, R., Schröder-Abé, M., Schütz, A., Jacob, G., Dams, A., Vater, A., Rüter, R., Merkl, A., Heuser, I. and Lammers, C. H. (2011). Dialectic behavioural therapy has an impact on self-concept clarity and facets of self-esteem in women with borderline personality disorder, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(2): 148–158.
Rosse, R. B. (1999). The love trauma syndrome: free yourself from the pain of a broken, Perseus Publishing; a Member of the Perseus Books Group.
Sailor, J. L. A. (2013). Phenomenological study of falling out of romantic love, the Qualitative Report, 18 (19): 1-22.
Sbarra, D. A. (2015). Predicting the onset of emotional recovery following nonmarital relationship dissolution; survival analyses of sadness and anger, Personality and Social Psychology, 32 (3): 298-312.
Shulman, S., Seiffge-Krenke, I.,  Scharf, M.,  Lev-Ari, L. and Levy, L. (2017). Adolescent depressive symptoms and breakup distress during early emerging adulthood, Emerging Adulthood, 5 (4): 251-258.
Slotter, E. B., Emery, L. F. and Luchies, L. B. (2015). Me after you: partner influence and individual effort predict rejection of self-aspects and self-concept clarity after relationship dissolution, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(7): 831-844.
Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L. and Finkel, E. J. (2010). Who am i without you? the influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(2): 147–160.
Tolin, D. F. (2010). Is cognitive–behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? a meta-analytic review, Clinical Psychology Review, 30(6): 710–720.
Waller, K. L. and MacDonald, T. K. (2010). Trait self-esteem moderates the effect of initiator status on emotional and cognitive responses to romantic relationship dissolution, Journal of Personality, 78(4):1271-99
Watts, S. E., Turnell, A., Kladnitski, N., Newby, J. M. and Andrews, G. (2015). Treatment-as-usual (TAU) is anything but usual: a meta-analysis of CBT versus TAU for anxiety and depression, Journal of Affective Disorders, 1(175): 152–167.