The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy Based on Intra -family Relationships Enrichment on Mothers' Parenting Skills and Clinical Symptoms of Children with Behavioral Problems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

null

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of family-based psychotherapy program on mother’s parenting skills and clinical symptoms of children with behavioral disorder. In this research process, at the first step, the intra-family relationships promotional were designed, the program’s effectiveness was assessed through a quasi-experimental research design with four groups and random assignment, using  pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. In this research, all the sample students participated along with their parents and randomly assigned between study groups divided into experimental and control groups. The first group received the psychological intervention, the second group took only medicine, and the third group received both psychological intervention and medicine at the same time. The research instruments were the demographic questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory and Clinical Symptoms Checklist. The intra-family relationships promotion Program was consisted of an individual family private session, two phone calls and a booster session at the end. The data were analyzed using repeated measurements of analysis of co-variance, the findings indicated that the family-based intervention program could improve mother’ parenting skills and also could reduce clinical symptoms of their children with behavioral disorders. The stability of effects maintained for the participants after three months follow up stage, as well. Therefore, by using psychotherapy programs based on intra -family relationships enrichment can reduce children behavior problems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abrahamse, M.E., Junger, M., Chavannes, E.L., Coelman, F.J.G., Boer, F. & Lindauer, R.J.L. (2012). Parent–child interaction therapy for preschool children with disruptive behaviour problems in the Netherlands. Abrahamse et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(24): 1-9.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic andstatistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric association.
Barkley, Russell, A. (2013). Defiant children: a clinician’s manual for assessment and training (3th). The Guilford Press.
Barnyak, N. C. (2011). A qualitative study in a rural community: Investigating the attitudes, beliefs, and interactions of young children and their parents regarding storybook read alouds. Early Childhood Education Journal, 39(2): 149-159.
Baumrind, D. (1991). Effective Parenting during the Early Adolescent Transition. In P.A. Cowan  & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Advances in family research(Vol. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
 Beh-Pajooh , A. (2013). Families and children with special needs, Tehran:Avaie Noor, (Text in Persian).
Bjornstand, G. & Montgomery, P. (2005) Famliy therapy for attention deficit disorder or attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrance Database Syst rev, 13(5):1469-1493.
Bos, S. C., Gomes, A., Clemente, V., Marques, M., Pereira, A. T., Maia, B., & Azevedo, M. H. (2009). Sleep and behavioral/emotional problems in children: a population-based study. Sleep medicine, 10(1): 66-74.
 Brauner, C.B. & Stephens, C.B. (2006). Estimating the Prevalence of Early Childhood Serious Emotional/Behavioral Disorders: Challenges and Recommendations. Special Report on Child Mental Health, 121(3): 303-310.
Bulotsky-Shearer, R.J., Fantuzzo, J.W. & McDermott, P.A. (2010). Typology of emotional and behavioral adjustment for low income children: A child-centered approach. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(2): 180-191.
Chronis, A.M., Chacko, A., Fabiano, G.M., Wymbs, B.T. & Pelham, W.E. (2004). Enhancement to the behavioral parent training, Paradigm for families of children with ADHD: Review and future directions. Clinical child and family psychology review. 7(1):1-27.
Clark, D.A. (2004). Design consideration in prevention research in dozois, D.J.A.  & Dobson, K.S. (2004). (Eds.). The Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Esfandiari, G. (1996). Study parenting styles of mothers of children with behavioral disorders and mothers of normal children and the effect of educating mothers on children's behavioral disorders. Master's thesis,unpublished. Tehran Psychiatric Institute, (Text in Persian).
Florian, V. & Findler, L. (2001).Mental health and marital adaptation among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(3): 358–367.
Fujiwara, T., Kato, N., & Sanders, M. R. (2011). Effectiveness of Group Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) in changing child behavior, parenting style, and parental adjustment: An intervention study in Japan. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(6): 804-813.
Gadow, K. D., Sprafkin, J. & Piierr, C.A. (1997). Test- retest reliability study of the child symptom- inventory- 4 parent checklist. Unpublished Data Reported in Gadow and Sprafkin. Child symptom inventory- 4 norms manual. Sony brook, Ny: Checkmate plus.
Gimpe, G.A.  & Holland, M.L. (2002). Emotional and behavioral problem of young children: Effective intervention in the preschool and kindergarten years, New York: Guildford Press.
Gomez, R. & Suhaimi, A.F. (2013). Incidence rates of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children as measured by parent ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(6): 528-531.
 Khodabakhsh, R; Jafari, M. (2015). Exploring the efficacy of parental training with Adlerian approach on coping styles of mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder & on reduction 0f ODD symptoms, Psychological Studies, 10 (1): 27-30, (Text in Persian).
Leung, C., Sanders, M.R., Leung, S., Mark, R. & Lau, J. (2003). An Outcome Evaluation of the Implementation of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in Hong Kong. Family Process, 42(2): 531-544.
Lyon, A. R., & Budd, K. S. (2010). A community mental health implementation of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT). Journal of child and family studies, 19(5): 654-668.
Mash, E.J. & Barkley, R.A. (2002). Child psychopathology-New York: The guild ford press based system of parenting and family support. Prevention Science, 3(3):183-189.
Nelson, R.W. & Israel, A.C. (2003). Behavior disorders of childhood. (5thed). New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Van der Oord, S., Bögels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2012). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of child and family studies, 21(1): 139-147.
 Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., Turner, K.M. T. & Ralph, A. (2004). Using the Triple P system of intervention to prevent behavioural problems in children and adolescents. In P. A. Barrett  & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Handbook of interventions that work with children and adolescents: Prevention and treatment (pp. 489−516). Chichester, England: Wiley.
Sanders, M. R., Ralph, A., Thompson, R., Sofronoff, K. & Gariner, P. (2005). Every family: A public health approach to promoting children's wellbeing, Brief report. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queesland.
Sanders, M.R. & McFarland, M.C. (2006). Treatment of depressed mothers with disordered children: Acontrolled Elevation. Cog. Behav. Therapy, 31(1): 86-112.
Spijkers, W., Jansen, D., Meer, G. & Reijneveld, S. (2010). Effectiveness of a parenting program in a public health setting. Department of health sciences. University of Groningen, Netherlands [On-line]. Available: http:// www.biomedcentral. Com.
Tuckman, B. W. (1999). Conducting educational research. Australia Wadsworth.
Turner, K.M., Richard, M. & Sander, M.R. (2007). Randomised clinical trial of families, a group parent education programme for Australian Indigenous Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 43(6): 429-437.
Zargarynzhad, G., unit Yekeh-yazdandoost, R. (2009). Evaluate the effectiveness of educating parents on reducing behavioral problems in children with ADHD (case study). Journal of Psychological Studies, 3 (2): 29-48, (Text in Persian).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics