The comparison of anger, anxiety, depression and academic performance of bullies, victims and normal male high school students in Ahvaz

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare anger, anxiety, depression and academic performance of bullies, victims and normal students. The statistical population of this research included all first-grade male high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year of 1391-1392. The participants of this study were 138 students (34 in bullying group, 35 in victim group and 69 persons of the same classes as their number matched normal group), who were selected by cluster randomly. The instruments used in this study were Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Anger subscale of Aggression Questionnaire And to measure academic performance ,average were used The results of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed that there were significant differences between anger, anxiety, depression and academic performance of bullies, victims and normal students. Depression in victims was more than the other two groups and in bullies more than the normal students. Also, there was no difference in anxiety of bullies and victims, but it was higher in bullies and victims comparing to normal students. Moreover, the bullies’ anger was higher than the two groups. Also, the victims had more anger than the normal students. Finally, academic performance was higher in normal students, comparing to the two other groups, and that the bullies’ academic performance was lower than the two other groups.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
America Psychological Association (2000). Text revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth . translated Avadys Yance, H. & Nikkhooi, M. R., (2009). Tehran, Sokhan Pubishers . (Text in Persian)
Ansary, N. S., & Luther, S. S. (2009). Distress and academic achievement among adolescents of affluence: A study of externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and school performance. Journal of Development and Psychopathology, 21(1), 319-341.
Ataie maghanloo, V., (2012). The Effect of Puberty Mental Health Training on Aggression and Fear of Body Image in Male Second Grade High School Students in Ahvaz, M. A. degree in Educational psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (Text in Persian)
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.
Dehshiri, Gh. R., Najafi, M., Sheykhi, M., & Habibi Asgar abadi, M., (2009) Investigating Primary Psychometric Properties of Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) .Journal of Family Research, 5(18): 159-177. (Text in Persian)
 Desposito, S. E. (2006). Peer aggression among adolescents: Characteristics of the victims. Doctorate of Philosophy, University of Stony Brook.
Dierker, L. C., Albano, A. M., Clarke, G. N., Heimberg, R. G., Kendall, P. C., Merikangas, K. R., Lewinsohn, P. M., Offord, D. R., Kessler, R., & Kupfer, D. J. (2001). Screening for anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(8), 929-936.
Dukes, R. L., Stein, J. A., & Zane, J. I. (2009). Effect of relational bullying on attitudes, behavior and injury among adolescent bullies, victims and bully-victims. The Social Science Journal 46(200), 671-688.
Futterman, S, (2004). When you work for a bully. Assessing your options and taking action, Montvale, NJ:Croce Publishing Group.
Greef, P. (2004). The nature and prevalence of bullying during the intermediate school phase. Master of Counseling Psychology. University of the Free State. 
Gumpel, T. P., & Sutherland, K. S. (2010). The relation between emotional and behavioral disorders and school-based violence. Journal of Aggression and Violent Behavior 15(20), 349-356.
Hedayati, M., (2013) Philosophy for Children and control aggression, Journal of Thinking and Children, 2(11):109-134.(Text in Persian)
Ivarsson, T. (2006). Normative data for the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) in Swedish adolescents. Journal of Nordic Journal Psychiatry, 60(2)، 107-113.
Kendall, P. C. (2000). Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive behavioral procedures. New York: Guilford.
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Journal of Jama Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.
Klomek, A. B., Sourander, A., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Tamminen, T., & Moilanen, I., Almqvist, F., & Madelyn S. G. (2008). Childhood bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidal ideation among Finnish males. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109(1), 47–55.
Kovacs, M. (1992). Manual for the Children’s Depression Inventory. NorthTonowanda, NJ:  Multi-Health Systems.Journal Psychological Assessment,10(2) , 156-165
Liang, H., Flisher, A. J., & Lombard, C. J. (2007). Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students. Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(2), 161-171.
Macy, B, (2003). Getting a handle on Bullies, The Roanoke Times,pp.E1,E3.
Mansori, M., (2000). The Comparison of personality factors, family and female middle school students in Ahvaz, M. A. degree in  Educational psychology, Shahid Chamran University. (Text in Persian)
March, J. S., Parker, J. D., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554-565.
Mashhadi, A., Soltani Shal, R., Mir Doraghi, F., & Bahrami, B.,(2012). The Psychometric Properties Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1(21): 70-87. (Text in Persian)
Mazloomy, S. S., Mirzaei, A., & Mohammadi, S. (2009). Study of depression prevalence in the patients with type ΙΙ diabetes referring to Yazd diabetes research centers. Journal of Tolooe Behdasht, 7(1), 30-35.
Mohamed, R., (1998). The comparison of self-assertion, academic performance and of bullies, victims and normal male school students in Behbahan, M. A. degree in Educational psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. . (Text in Persian)
Mousavi, S. H., Godarzi, M. A., Heydari, R., Chalmeh, R., & Mosavi., F., (2014). A study on the Reliability and Validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index for Adolescents. Journal of Psychological Studies Alzahra University.1(10): 73-87. (Text in Persian)
Nakano, K. (2001). Psychometric evaluation on the Japanese adaptation of the Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Behavior Research and Therapy, 39(7), 853-858.
Nourozi Chaha ghale, P., Hashem Azari, ZH., & SaramiFroshan, GH. R., (2105).The comparison of neuropsychological function among emotionally abused and normal girl students, Journal of Psychological Studies Alzahra University, 2(11): 7-23. (Text in Persian)
Ok, S., & Aslan, S. (2010). The school bullying and perceived parental style in adolescents. Journal of Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 5(21), 536–540.
Olweus, D. (1993). Bully/victim problem in school: Know ledge base and a effective intervention program. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 18(30),197-190.
Pandina, G. J., Bilder, R. H., Harvey, P. D., Keefe, S. E., Aman, M. G., & Gharabawi, R.  (2007). Risperidone and cognitive function in children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 9(3), 98-386.
Pederson, S., Vitaro, F., Barker, E. D., & Borge, A. I. H. (2007). The timing of middle childhood peer rejection and friendship: Linking early behavior to early-adolescent adjustment. Journal of Child Development,78(4), 1037-1051.
Pine, D., Helfinstein, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Nelson, E., & Fox, N. (2009). Challenges in      developing novel treatments for childhood disorders: Lessons from research on anxiety. Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(1), 213-28.
Raymond, A. L. (2009). An evaluation of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program’s effectiveness in a high school settings. Doctorate of counselor education in the counseling program of the College of Education, Criminal Justice and Human Service.
Razi Moradi, M., Etemadi, A., & Naeim Abadi, E., (2010). The effectiveness of Group counseling based on William Glasser’s choice theory with bully victimizing students to increase ability to encounter with bullying behaviors , Journal of Psychological Studies Zahra, 5(6): 11-36. (Text in Persian)
Rigby, K, (2001).Health consequences of bullying and its prevention in schools. In Juana & Sandra. Peer Harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized, New York, NY, US: Guilford press.
Rothon, C., Head, J. Klineberg, E., & Stansfeld, S. (2011). Can social support protect bullied adolescents from adverse outcomes? A prospective study on the effects of bullying on the educational achievement and mental health of adolescents at secondary schools in East London. Journal Adolescence, 34(20), 579-588.
Ruttle, P. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., Serbin, L. A., Fisher, D. B. D., Stack, D. M., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2011). Disentangling psychobiological mechanisms underlying internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth: Longitudinal and concurrent associations with cortisol. Journal of Hormones and Behavior, 59(1), 123-132. D. (2004).
Saeedi, A., (2010). Bullying in Schools. Journal of Peyvand Monthly, 60(369): 60-65. (Text in Persian)
Sanders, C. E., & Phye, G. D. (2004). Bullying: Implications for the classroom. London. Elsevier Academic Press.
Sarason , E. G., & Sarason, B., (1987). Abnormal Psychology (Non adaptive behavior problems). Tranlated by Najarian, B., Dehghani, M., Arab, D., & Davoodi, I., (2011). Tehran. Roshd Publishers.
Scott, T. M., Nelson, C. M., & Liaupsin, C. J. (2001). Effective instruction: The forgotten component in preventing school violence. Journal of Jama, 285(16), 309-322.
Totura, C. M. W., Green, A. E., Karver, M. S., & Gesten, E. L. (2008). Multiple informants in the assessment of psychological, behavioral, and academic correlates of bullying and victimization in middle school. Journal of Adolescence, 32(209) 193-211.
Wang, J., Nansel, T. R., & Iannotti, R. J. (2010). Cyber and traditional bullying: Differential association with depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4), 415-417.
Williams, K, Chambers, M, Logan, S & Robinson, (2004). Association of common health symptoms with bullying in primary school children, British Medical Journal,1(313):17-19.
Yang, S. J., Kim, J. M., Kim. S. W., Shin, I. S., & Yoon, J. S. (2006). Bullying and victimization behaviors in boys and girls at South Korean primary schools. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(1), 69-77.
Yates, M, (2007). The developmental consequences of child emotional Abuse: a neurodevelopmental perspective. Journal of Psychology, 129, 145-155.
Journal of Psychological Studies
Volume 12, Issue 2
September 2016
Pages 85-106

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics