Standardization, Reliability,and Validity of Optimism Scale in Esfah􀆗n and a Survey of Relationship between Optimism, Self mastery,and Depression

The purpose of this research was standardization,
reliability, and validity of optimism scale (LOT)
between citizens of Esfah􀆗n. 120 citizens of
Esfah􀆗n city selected by cluster sampling
method. Optimism, self mastery, depression
scale, and personal characteristics form were
administered to them. This research was a survey
that encompasses descriptional, evaluation,
comparison, and correlation method.
Finding of research revealed percentiles and
standardized (T) scores as the norms of optimism
scale. Cut-off point of standardized (T) test for
males were ascertained 32 and 13 and 30 and 16
for females.
The results of scale’s item analysis showed that
all of the scales items had a significant and
positive relationship with total scores of the
scale. Reliability coefficient was computed 0.74
and 0.87 using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test
and test-retest method respectively .validity
coefficient of optimism was computed by criteria
related approach. Validity coefficient between
optimism, depression, and self mastery were
-0.649 and 0.725 respectively. Factor analysis
revealed two dominant factors that called
positive attitude toward event and hope for
future.
Other findings showed that there was significant
relationship between optimism, self mastery, age,
depression, income, mother’s age, and season of
birth, (P < 0.05). Results showed that gender is
not an influential factor on optimism, selfmastery,
and depression.
With respect to finding it was concluded that
optimism scale can be used to test people’s
optimism.